The National Museum of Carthage was built in 1875 in the premises of the seminary of the White Fathers. At first, it had the name of the "Museum Saint-Louis" until 1899 then "Lavigerie Museum" until 1956, founded by Cardinal Charles Martial Lavigerie. At first, he collected the remains of the excavations carried out by the White Fathers, particularly those carried out by Father Delattre. The annex of the White Fathers' convent was used at first sight to receive the excavations of the necropolis excavations of the archaeological site: excavations of the hill Saint-Louis, Douimès, the hill of Junon, the hill Sainte-Monique and also Carthaginian Christian basilicas.
The findings of the excavations of the archeology service were deposited meanwhile at the Alaoui Museum, currently the National Museum of Bardo.
Following the signing of the 1964 modus vivendi between the Vatican and Tunisia, the Roman Catholic Church definitively ceded the museum and the site around it to the Tunisian State, which took possession of it in July 1964. gives its current name. Subsequently, it was extensively restructured in the 1990s and, after a long limited opening, is now intended to accommodate new discoveries made on the archaeological site, particularly the product of excavations carried out in the area. the framework of the Unesco international campaign of the years 1972-1995.