A truly unique experience whose earliest known antecedents are medieval, the Palio di Siena is a horse race that is held twice each year, on 2 July and 16 August. The city is divided into 17 districts (‘contrade’) and the Sienese place their loyalty to their district above church or state. Fierce rivalries exist between the neighboring districts and all Sienese are united year round by their passion to win the Palio.